Species · BBS 2025 Release · 1966–2024

Brown Thrasher

MimidaeForest birdsToxostoma rufum

Brown Thrasher has fallen sharply: down 59% on the route-weighted index since 1968.

-59%Since 1968
2,736Routes
58Years Surveyed

About the Brown Thrasher

A large, rufous, long-tailed mimic of dense brush and woodland edges, the Brown Thrasher has one of the largest song repertoires of any North American bird.

Size
9–12 in long, about 2.4 oz (23–30 cm, 68 g)
Habitat
Woodlands and forest edges, including wooded suburbs and parks.
Diet
Insects and other invertebrates raked from leaf litter, plus nuts and berries.
Range
Recorded on 2,736 Breeding Bird Survey routes across 41 states, most concentrated in the Appalachian Mountains.
Family
Mimidae · Forest birds
Conservation
Least Concern

Notable Brown Thrasher Trends

long arc declinecomputed index

Brown Thrasher has fallen sharply in surveyed states: down 59% on the route-weighted index since 1968.

Brown Thrasher Population Forecast

If the recent trend holds, Brown Thrasher is projected to fall about 28% by 2029 — from 1.9 in 2024 to a central estimate of 1.4 (95% range 0.65–2.1). A 5-year backtest shows a typical error of ±25.2%, with 100% of held-out values landing inside the 95% band.

-28%Change by 2029
1.4Projected 2029 index
0.652.195% range
±25.2%Backtest error
19662029
Projection of the recent trend (dashed) with 80/95% bands — a projection, not a prediction. Habitat, climate, and land use are not modeled.
YearProjected index95% low95% high
20251.50.812.2
20261.50.772.2
20271.40.732.1
20281.40.692.1
20291.40.652.1

Where the Brown Thrasher Is Detected

BBS routes recording Brown Thrasher, sized by most recent count.

Brown Thrasher Population Trend by State

Brown Thrasher population trend by state.
Alabama-26%1968108
Arkansas-63%196959
Colorado-81%197041
Connecticut-97%196819
Delaware+31%196817
Florida-6%1968114
Georgia-10%1968111
Illinois-67%1968105
Indiana-49%196869
Iowa-57%196939
Kansas-43%196967
Kentucky-30%196863
Louisiana+33%196994
Maine-84%196849
Maryland-9%196876
Massachusetts-94%196828
Michigan-62%1968108
Minnesota-54%196988
Mississippi-54%196874
Missouri-62%196992
Montana+13%197049
Nebraska-44%196976
New Hampshire-91%196826
New Jersey-90%196842
New Mexicoinsufficient datan/a1
New York-66%1968125
North Carolina-25%1968109
North Dakota-44%196951
Ohio-40%196888
Oklahoma-67%196968
Pennsylvania-35%1968135
Rhode Island-89%19686
South Carolina-46%196851
South Dakota-55%196956
Tennessee-17%196853
Texas-44%196972
Vermont-75%196824
Virginia-56%196888
West Virginia-44%196863
Wisconsin-54%196898
Wyoming-28%197034

Brown Thrasher Population Trend by Region

Bird Conservation Regions are the ecological unit for trends.

Brown Thrasher population trend by Bird Conservation Region.
Northern Rockies-93%197016
Prairie Potholes-57%1969120
Boreal Hardwood Transition-65%1968123
Lower Great Lakes / St. Lawrence Plain-60%196886
Atlantic Northern Forest-85%1968120
Southern Rockies / Colorado Plateau-80%19806
Badlands and Prairies-49%196996
Shortgrass Prairie-49%196971
Central Mixed Grass Prairie-42%1969113
Oaks and Prairies-86%196943
Eastern Tallgrass Prairie-54%1968276
Prairie Hardwood Transition-57%1968161
Central Hardwoods-49%1968163
West Gulf Coastal Plain / Ouachitas-40%1969101
Mississippi Alluvial Valley-42%196870
Southeastern Coastal Plain-15%1968345
Appalachian Mountains-36%1968397
Piedmont-15%1968170
New England / Mid-Atlantic Coast-61%1968159
Peninsular Florida-45%196869
Gulf Coastal Prairie+37%196928

Brown Thrasher Conservation Status

Least Concern

The IUCN Red List rates this species as Least Concern. Our route-weighted index shows it down about 59% since 1968.

Source: USGS North American Breeding Bird Survey, retrieved 2026-05-22. Trend is a route-weighted relative-abundance index, not an absolute population.