Species · BBS 2025 Release · 1966–2024

Eastern Whip-poor-will

Eastern Whip-poor-will has collapsed: down 79% on the route-weighted index since 1968.

About the Eastern Whip-poor-will

The Eastern Whip-poor-will (Antrostomus vociferus) is a North American member of the Nightjars & Nighthawks (Caprimulgidae). In this analysis it is grouped with the aerial insectivores.

Size
7.5–12 in long (19–30 cm) — a cryptic, big-mouthed bird (typical for the family)
Habitat
Open airspace over fields, water and towns; nests in cavities, earthen banks or on structures.
Diet
Flying insects caught on the wing.
Range
Recorded on 906 Breeding Bird Survey routes across 35 states, most concentrated in the Appalachian Mountains.
Family
Caprimulgidae · Aerial insectivores

Notable Eastern Whip-poor-will TrendsNotable signalsLong-arc shifts the engine flags automatically — sustained declines or increases large enough to stand out from year-to-year noise.Full methodology →

Eastern Whip-poor-will has collapsed in surveyed states: down 79% on the route-weighted index since 1968.

Eastern Whip-poor-will Population Forecast

If the recent trend holds, Eastern Whip-poor-will is projected to fall about 98% by 2029 — from 0.06 in 2024 to a central estimate of 0.00 (95% range 0.00–0.06). A 5-year backtest shows a typical error of ±76.4%, with 80% of held-out values landing inside the 95% band.

If the recent trend holds, Eastern Whip-poor-will is projected to fall about 98% by 2029 — from 0.06 in 2024 to a central estimate of 0.00 (95% range 0.00–0.06). A 5-year backtest shows a typical error of ±76.4%, with 80% of held-out values landing inside the 95% band.19662029
Projection of the recent trend (dashed) with 80/95% bands — a projection, not a prediction. Habitat, climate, and land use are not modeled.
YearProjected indexProjected indexThe central forecast of the abundance index if the recent trend continues. A projection of the current trajectory, not a prediction.Full methodology →95% low95% rangeThe 95% uncertainty band around the projection at the forecast horizon. The true value should land inside it most of the time.Full methodology →95% high95% rangeThe 95% uncertainty band around the projection at the forecast horizon. The true value should land inside it most of the time.Full methodology →
20250.020.000.08
20260.010.000.07
20270.010.000.07
20280.010.000.06
20290.000.000.06

Where the Eastern Whip-poor-will Is Detected

BBS routes recording Eastern Whip-poor-will, sized by most recent count.

Eastern Whip-poor-will Population Trend by State

Eastern Whip-poor-will population trend by state.
TrendPercent change in the route-weighted abundance index between a smoothed baseline window and the most recent one. It tracks direction, not absolute population.Full methodology →Baseline yearThe first year of the smoothed window the trend is measured from. An earlier baseline means a longer record stands behind the number.Full methodology →Survey routesHow many standard-protocol BBS routes contributed counts. More routes means a steadier, better-sampled index; very thin coverage is suppressed.Full methodology →
Alabama-67%196830
Arkansas+14%196924
Connecticut-64%197310
Delaware-86%19689
Georgia-74%197041
Illinois-68%196837
Indiana-86%196924
Iowa+349%19719
Kansas-50%19777
Kentucky-84%196841
Maine-86%197119
Maryland-83%196847
Massachusetts-81%196818
Michigan+130%197044
Minnesota-15%197923
Mississippi-41%197212
Missouri-61%196967
Nebraskainsufficient datan/a4
New Hampshire-53%196815
New Jersey-77%196815
New York-77%196819
North Carolina-56%196869
North Dakotainsufficient datan/a1
Ohio+13%196826
Oklahoma+50%197116
Pennsylvania-40%196852
Rhode Islandinsufficient datan/a3
South Carolina+46%196931
South Dakotainsufficient datan/a1
Tennessee-69%196841
Texasinsufficient datan/a6
Vermontinsufficient datan/a6
Virginia-65%196857
West Virginia-80%196834
Wisconsin-56%196848

Eastern Whip-poor-will Population Trend by Region

Bird Conservation Regions are the ecological unit for trends.

Eastern Whip-poor-will population trend by Bird Conservation Region.
TrendPercent change in the route-weighted abundance index between a smoothed baseline window and the most recent one. It tracks direction, not absolute population.Full methodology →Baseline yearThe first year of the smoothed window the trend is measured from. An earlier baseline means a longer record stands behind the number.Full methodology →Survey routesHow many standard-protocol BBS routes contributed counts. More routes means a steadier, better-sampled index; very thin coverage is suppressed.Full methodology →
Prairie Potholes-44%19848
Boreal Hardwood Transition+24%196867
Lower Great Lakes / St. Lawrence Plain-58%197011
Atlantic Northern Forest-75%196841
Oaks and Prairies-66%19769
Eastern Tallgrass Prairie-75%196882
Prairie Hardwood Transition-44%196850
Central Hardwoods-73%1968113
West Gulf Coastal Plain / Ouachitas+4%197220
Mississippi Alluvial Valley-77%19715
Southeastern Coastal Plain-6%1968101
Appalachian Mountains-45%1968204
Piedmont-68%196898
New England / Mid-Atlantic Coast-90%196895

Eastern Whip-poor-will Conservation Status

Our route-weighted index shows it down about 79% since 1968. Aerial insectivores have fallen sharply across the continent, a decline widely linked to dwindling insect prey.

Source: USGS North American Breeding Bird Survey, retrieved 2026-05-22. Trend is a route-weighted relative-abundance index, not an absolute population.