Species · BBS 2025 Release · 1966–2024

Arctic Tern

LaridaeWetland birdsSterna paradisaea

Arctic Tern has surged: up 556% on the route-weighted index since 1977.

+556%Since 1977
81Routes
46Years Surveyed

About the Arctic Tern

The Arctic Tern (Sterna paradisaea) is a North American member of the Gulls, Terns & Skimmers (Laridae). In this analysis it is grouped with the wetland birds.

Size
8.5–31.5 in long (22–80 cm) — a long-winged waterbird (typical for the family)
Habitat
Marshes, ponds, lakeshores and other freshwater wetlands.
Diet
Aquatic invertebrates, small fish, frogs and plant matter.
Range
Recorded on 81 Breeding Bird Survey routes across 1 state, most concentrated in the BCR 4.
Family
Laridae · Wetland birds

Notable Arctic Tern Trends

No notable trend signals for Arctic Tern. See the full index history below.

Arctic Tern Population Forecast

If the recent trend holds, Arctic Tern is projected to stay roughly flat through 2029, near 0.08 (95% range 0.00–0.16). A 5-year backtest shows a typical error of ±353.3%, with 40% of held-out values landing inside the 95% band.

n/aChange by 2029
0.08Projected 2029 index
0.000.1695% range
±353.3%Backtest error
19752029
Projection of the recent trend (dashed) with 80/95% bands — a projection, not a prediction. Habitat, climate, and land use are not modeled.
YearProjected index95% low95% high
20250.070.000.15
20260.080.000.15
20270.080.000.15
20280.080.000.16
20290.080.000.16

Where the Arctic Tern Is Detected

BBS routes recording Arctic Tern, sized by most recent count.

Arctic Tern Population Trend by State

Arctic Tern population trend by state.
Alaska-61%197781

Arctic Tern Population Trend by Region

Bird Conservation Regions are the ecological unit for trends.

Arctic Tern population trend by Bird Conservation Region.
BCR 2+45%198523
BCR 3+33%19954
BCR 4-84%197841
Northern Pacific Rainforest-63%198312

Arctic Tern Conservation Status

Our route-weighted index shows it up about 556% since 1977.

Source: USGS North American Breeding Bird Survey, retrieved 2026-05-22. Trend is a route-weighted relative-abundance index, not an absolute population.