Species · BBS 2025 Release · 1966–2024

Smooth-billed Ani

CuculidaeForest birdsCrotophaga ani

Smooth-billed Ani has collapsed: down 94% on the route-weighted index since 1969.

-94%Since 1969
12Routes
26Years Surveyed

About the Smooth-billed Ani

The Smooth-billed Ani (Crotophaga ani) is a North American member of the Cuckoos, Roadrunners & Anis (Cuculidae). In this analysis it is grouped with the forest birds.

Size
10.5–22 in long (27–56 cm) — a slender, long-tailed bird (typical for the family)
Habitat
Woodlands and forest edges, including wooded suburbs and parks.
Diet
Insects and spiders gleaned from foliage and bark, with seeds and berries in season.
Range
Recorded on 12 Breeding Bird Survey routes across 1 state, most concentrated in the Peninsular Florida.
Family
Cuculidae · Forest birds

Notable Smooth-billed Ani Trends

No notable trend signals for Smooth-billed Ani. See the full index history below.

Smooth-billed Ani Population Forecast

If the recent trend holds, Smooth-billed Ani is projected to stay roughly flat through 2020, near 0.00 (95% range 0.00–0.01). A 5-year backtest shows a typical error of ±481.5%, with 100% of held-out values landing inside the 95% band.

n/aChange by 2020
0.00Projected 2020 index
0.000.0195% range
±481.5%Backtest error
19672020
Projection of the recent trend (dashed) with 80/95% bands — a projection, not a prediction. Habitat, climate, and land use are not modeled.
YearProjected index95% low95% high
20160.000.000.01
20170.000.000.01
20180.000.000.01
20190.000.000.01
20200.000.000.01

Where the Smooth-billed Ani Is Detected

BBS routes recording Smooth-billed Ani, sized by most recent count.

Smooth-billed Ani Population Trend by State

Smooth-billed Ani population trend by state.
Florida-94%196912

Smooth-billed Ani Population Trend by Region

Bird Conservation Regions are the ecological unit for trends.

Smooth-billed Ani population trend by Bird Conservation Region.
Peninsular Florida-95%196912

Smooth-billed Ani Conservation Status

Our route-weighted index shows it down about 94% since 1969.

Source: USGS North American Breeding Bird Survey, retrieved 2026-05-22. Trend is a route-weighted relative-abundance index, not an absolute population.