Species · BBS 2025 Release · 1966–2024

Elf Owl

StrigidaeBirds of preyMicrathene whitneyi

Elf Owl has no long-term trend on record.

n/aSince n/a
21Routes
29Years Surveyed

About the Elf Owl

The Elf Owl (Micrathene whitneyi) is a North American member of the Owls (Strigidae). In this analysis it is grouped with the birds of prey.

Size
5–27.5 in long (13–70 cm) — a nocturnal raptor (typical for the family)
Habitat
Open country, woodlands, cliffs and wetlands, hunting from the air or a high perch.
Diet
Live prey — small mammals, birds, reptiles, fish and large insects (carrion for vultures).
Range
Recorded on 21 Breeding Bird Survey routes across 3 states, most concentrated in the Sonoran and Mojave Deserts.
Family
Strigidae · Birds of prey

Notable Elf Owl Trends

No notable trend signals for Elf Owl. See the full index history below.

Elf Owl Population Forecast

If the recent trend holds, Elf Owl is projected to stay roughly flat through 2029, near 0.00 (95% range 0.00–0.00). A 5-year backtest shows a typical error of ±120.6%, with 100% of held-out values landing inside the 95% band.

n/aChange by 2029
0.00Projected 2029 index
0.000.0095% range
±120.6%Backtest error
19682029
Projection of the recent trend (dashed) with 80/95% bands — a projection, not a prediction. Habitat, climate, and land use are not modeled.
YearProjected index95% low95% high
20250.000.000.00
20260.000.000.00
20270.000.000.00
20280.000.000.00
20290.000.000.00

Where the Elf Owl Is Detected

BBS routes recording Elf Owl, sized by most recent count.

Elf Owl Population Trend by State

Elf Owl population trend by state.
Arizona-60%197412
New Mexicoinsufficient datan/a1
Texas-11%19978

Elf Owl Population Trend by Region

Bird Conservation Regions are the ecological unit for trends.

Elf Owl population trend by Bird Conservation Region.
Sonoran and Mojave Deserts-45%19807
Sierra Madre Occidental-70%19865
Chihuahuan Desert-26%19977

Elf Owl Conservation Status

Elf Owl is tracked across BBS survey routes; no formal conservation-status flag is recorded here.

Source: USGS North American Breeding Bird Survey, retrieved 2026-05-22. Trend is a route-weighted relative-abundance index, not an absolute population.